Euclidean distance calculator: 2D, 3D and N-dimensional, comparison with Manhattan L1 and Chebyshev Linf norms, Lp no...
Diophantine equation calculator: linear ax+by=c via Bezout-Euclid, sum of squares, Frobenius coin and Pythagorean tri...
Pell equation x^2 - D y^2 = 1 calculator: fundamental solution, sequence via continued fraction of sqrt(D), negative ...
Collatz sequence 3n+1 calculator: complete sequence, total stopping time, maximum value reached, record numbers and v...
Divisor function calculator d(n) and sigma_k(n): divisor count (tau), divisor sum, perfect/abundant/deficient classif...
Euler totient function phi(n) calculator: coprime counting, multiplicative formula via prime factors, Mertens summato...
Power series calculator: geometric, exponential, sin/cos, log, binomial. Cauchy-Hadamard convergence radius, partial ...
Runge-Kutta calculator for ODE: RK2 Heun and midpoint, RK3 Kutta, RK4 classical (the gold standard), RK45 Fehlberg ad...
Secant method calculator for roots: superlinear convergence order phi=1.618, x_{n+1} = x_n - f(x_n)(x_n-x_{n-1})/(f(x...
Newton-Raphson method calculator for equation roots: quadratic convergence x_{n+1} = x_n - f(x_n)/f'(x_n), polynomial...
Somos sequence calculator: Somos-4, Somos-5, Somos-6, Somos-7 with Laurent phenomenon, proven integrality, Fomin-Zele...
Viscosity-temperature calculator: Arrhenius-Andrade liquids, Sutherland gases, Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann polymers, IAPWS ...